METALS, Use Sectors
Fields of application
- Jewelry
- catalysts for vehicles and electronics Electrical
- Chemistry
- Glass Oil Investment
- Medical Uses Batteries Spark Fuel
Platinum is used in vital multiple applications, while new uses for platinum are developed constantly.
Platinum Demand by Application in 2006
Source: UNCTAD based propria according to statistics given Johnson Matthey platinum
Jewelry
In 2006, demand for platinum jewelry accounted for 25% of total platinum demand. This precious metal is highly valued for its beauty and purity, and their unique properties. Although Europe and the United States, the normal is 95% purity, purity in certain countries may fall to 85%. The platinum color, strength and hardness and its resistance to tarnishing, are some of the advantages of this metal in jewelry. Platinum provides a safe setting for diamonds and other gemstones, emphasizing its brilliance. In addition, its flexibility is very important for designers Jewelry. Platinum jewelry is considered the precious metal of the New Millennium. "
Demand for platinum jewelry has increased steadily over the years 80 and 90. The world's largest market for platinum jewelry was Japan, where this metal is very popular and very fashionable. However, this market has been affected by the situation of the Japanese economy in recent years. At the same time, demand for platinum has seen strong growth in China, in 2006 the first world market for platinum jewelry. The white metal has become highly valued and widely consumed in China. Consequently, the country has developed in production capacity platinum. Europe and North America are also highly dynamic markets for platinum, especially in the field of wedding rings.
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catalysts for vehicles
platinum along with palladium and rhodium, are the main components of the catalysts vehicles that reduce emissions of gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. The catalysts convert most of these emissions in carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor, which are less harmful. This is the second largest industry use of platinum, reaching 51% of the total demand for platinum in 2006.
Demand for platinum for catalytic converters began to grow significantly in the seventies when it passed clean air legislation (Clean Air) in the United States and Japan. Many other countries followed this policy since then. However, in the last decade, there has been a significant substitution of platinum by palladium in catalytic converters in the U.S., primarily due to lower relative cost and efficiency of palladium. In Europe, the most widely used platinum and palladium because it is an essential element in diesel cars. The most recent events in the palladium market, in the late nineties, along with technological advances have led to a return to the use of platinum. Also, in recent years, demand for platinum catalysts has experienced considerable growth in emerging countries that have introduced new environmental legislation. In short, it is expected that demand for platinum for this application grow as a result of the adoption of regulations and emission standards for vehicles increasingly stringent.
Electrical and Electronics
Platinum is used in the production of hard drives in computers in fiber optic cables. The increasing use of personal computers continue to have a positive effect on platinum demand in the future. Other applications include devices platinum (Thermocouple) to measure the temperature in the glass industries, steel and semiconductors, or infra-red detectors for military and commercial applications. Also used in multi-layer ceramic capacitors and crucibles for glass.
Chemistry
Platinum is used in fertilizers and explosives as a dressing for the catalytic conversion of ammonia to nitric acid. It is also used in the manufacture of silicones for the aerospace, automotive and construction. In the gas sector is used as a fuel additive to boost the combustion and reduce engine emissions. It is also a catalyst in the production of biodegradable elements for household detergents.
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Glass
The Platinum is used in glass manufacturing equipment. It is also used in the production of reinforced plastic glass fiber and liquid crystal devices (LCD). In this context it is important to mention the new developments that are occurring in the production of LCD devices and cathode ray tubes, used both in the manufacture of screens for computers.
Investment
Platinum is considered an attractive investment and a good hedge against inflation asset . The preference for platinum as an investment is spreading worldwide, and is based on the relative scarcity of metal, the historical evolution of its price and its unique fundamentals. Investing in platinum can be produced both in futures and options as bars, ingots and coins such as American Eagle, Australian Koala or Canadian Maple Leaf, among others.
Oil
Platinum is used as a catalyst for refining oil industry.
Medical Uses
Platinum is used in cancer drugs and implants. Equipment is also used in neurosurgery and in alloys for dental restorations.
plugs
Most vehicles in North America use platinum spark plugs filter. In Europe, the highest durability requirements have led to an increase in the amount of platinum used in spark plugs.
Batteries fuel
Fuel cells are devices that generate electricity and are currently developing as an alternative to internal combustion engines in vehicles. Most of these devices apply technologies proton exchange membrane to produce energy from hydrogen and oxygen, using platinum catalysts. The fuel cells use both environmental advantages and economic. Are more efficient in energy production and pollution is minimal. Nearly all automakers, with Daimler-Chrysler at the helm, are planning to produce the first cars powered by these batteries in 2003-2004. In fact, some heavy vehicles are already using. However, there is some doubt due to the fact that every vehicle that uses one of these new batteries will stop using the conventional catalyst. The net effect on platinum demand will depend on what device you use more platinum. Current research in this field focuses on improving efficiency and reducing costs. Fuel cells can also stationary power generation. The use of platinum in this application appears to be one of the sectors that has better prospects for the future.
Name: Yenny Zoraida Morales Zambrano
Subject: RF Circuits
Source:
View blog: http://crfzoraida.blogspot.com /
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