In the dramatic struggle that cancer medicine pounds of transition metals have revealed as a valuable allies. Since the late sixties were observed property that the cis-diamino dicloroplatino (II) known as "cisplatin" appeared to inhibit abnormal cell growth of cells. According to research carried out, platinum binds to one of the nitrogen atoms of guanine (one of the nitrogenous bases of DNA), causing an abnormal twisting of the DNA helix that prevents its replication. The disadvantage of cisplatin is its side effects, failing to address certain tumors and the possibility that cancer cells develop resistance.
A second generation of drugs, based on the trans-platinum, avoiding some of these drawbacks. In addition, proper selection of ligands (heterocycles, aliphatic amines ... etc) can make them highly selective for the various tumors.
complexes Ga (III) have also shown their effectiveness due to the similarities between the Ga ion (III) ion and Fe (III) allowing the first involving interfering with cellular iron metabolism.
compounds Sn (IV) have also shown its effectiveness to bind to DNA phosphate groups causing apoptosis ("suicide" or mechanism of natural cell death when it detects a serious dysfunction in them). Have the advantage of less toxicity and fewer side effects, especially the absence of vomiting.
Although the complex has shown that virtually all the transition metals may have antitumor properties (Pd, Cu, Fe, Mo, Au, Rh, Zr ...) the most studied are those of titanium (IV ) and ruthenium (II / III). The latter metal has a very curious feature, and the ability to synthesize macromolecules that serve as capsules hidden inside active drugs against cancer cells. True Trojan horses that can effectively attack from within vengeance.
Maria Linares 19881179
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